What essential function do resistors perform in a circuit?

Resistors play a critical role in electric circuits by limiting the flow of electric current. This capability is essential for regulating the amount of current that passes through different components in the circuit. By intentionally providing resistance, they help to protect sensitive components from excess current, thus preventing damage and ensuring stable operation.

When a voltage is applied across a resistor, according to Ohm's Law (V = IR), the current through the resistor can be calculated, demonstrating that the resistor does not store energy, convert AC to DC, or increase voltage. Instead, it acts as a controlled pathway for the current, making it fundamental to circuit design and analysis in digital electronics. This function helps maintain appropriate operating conditions for various components, thereby contributing to overall circuit reliability and functionality.