Which of the following components primarily performs data storage in digital circuits?

The component that primarily performs data storage in digital circuits is RAM (Random Access Memory). RAM is a type of volatile memory that allows for the storage and retrieval of data on demand. It can read and write data, making it integral for temporary data storage in systems like computers and digital devices, where quick access to information is necessary.

Unlike counters, which are used for counting purposes and can store a binary number to indicate a count, RAM is specifically designed for handling larger sets of data that can change dynamically. Multiplexers function to route data from multiple input lines to a single output line based on control signals, rather than storing data. XOR gates are logic gates used for performing specific binary operations and do not have any data storage capability. Therefore, RAM is the clear choice for a component focused on data storage in digital electronics.